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endocrine system
obesity
nutrition

dietary guidelines

eating principles:
Treat obese parents: While fat cells should be stable in numbers from age 2 to puberty, it is especially important to be watchful of weight gain. It has often been observed that if a mother is obese or hypothyroid, there is a very high correlation of obesity in her female offspring. Since evidence indicates that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in obesity, it is important that parents are treated along with children.
70-75% CHO, 15-20% Fat, 10% Protein: Unsaturated fatty acids tend to activate brown fat. The fat % may be up to 25% if the fats are omega 3 fatty acids. Certain blood types may require higher levels of proteins (see Eat Right for Your Blood Type, DAdamo).
• Low caloric intake 1000-1500 kcal, see sample diets below
Thermogenesis: Brown fat has been shown to be more metabolically active than yellow fat, the predominate fat in the body. As we grow older brown fat tends to become less active. (Shelly, Jung, and Callingham. Clinical Science, 60, 519(1981). Abstract: Women aged 26-67 years who could not lose weight on most diets were found to have relatively inactive fat in part related to underactive adrenal and thyroid glands. (Marz, p. 400, 1997)
Increase fiber: The more unrefined the carbohydrate (e.g.whole wheat berries versus whole wheat bread), the greater the time it takes to chew the food and the more time the body has to recognize the sensation of satiety. This also causes a decrease in caloric absorption of food. As part of the treatment protocol can use psyllium seed powder between meals 1 round teaspoon between meals with a large amount of water. This will tend to make the person feel more full between meals. In addition, the fiber will decrease bowel transit time and will tend to eliminate more endotoxins from the lower bowel. The fiber also will have a stabilizing effect on the blood glucose. (Marz, p. 400, 1997)
• Eat meals after exercise before you cool off
Hypoallergenic diet. This diet be modified slightly over an extended period of time.
• Elimination/rotation diet, rotation diet, rotation diet expanded
Natural sugars, such as fructose found in fruits, stimulate brown fat thermogenesis better than refined carbohydrate.

therapeutic foods:
• Spirulina, cucumber, watermelon, squash, pomegranate, parsley, zucchini squash (Shefi)

fresh juices:
• Beet greens, parsley, and celery
• Parsley, grape, and pineapple
• Lemon

avoid:
• Fatty meats, pork, barley, sugar, bacon, buckwheat, candy, honey, jelly and jam, chocolate, chewing gum, cakes, cookies, ice cream, soft drinks, chips, other fried snack foods, fried foods, sweetened juices, dried fruit

• Sample Diet: l000 kcal, 70 g protein, 625 mg Ca, l8 mg Fe, 400 mg Ascorbic Acid

Breakfast:
A) vegetable salad: tomato, cucumber, pepper, lettuce, green onion, radishes, cabbage, etc.; one tbsp. olive oil, l slice whole wheat or rye bread ; l cup plain yogurt
OR
B) 2 fresh fruits (semi-sweet) in season and 10 raw almonds
OR
C) grapefruit or watermelon or other melon

10:00 a.m.: herbal tea

Lunch: vegetable salad dressed with l tsp. olive oil or l tbsp. avocado or l tbsp. tahini; l slice whole wheat bread or 1/2 cup brown rice or whole grain (cooked); 1 egg (not fried) or l tbsp. non-fat white cheese or 1/4 cup water pack tuna or 30 g (l oz) Swiss cheese or other hard cheese or l cup plain nonfat yogurt

4:00 p.m.: l serving fruit: l apple or pear, 1/2 grapefruit, l orange, 2 mandarins, 1/2 banana, 1 peach, l guava, 2 apricots or 2 plums

Dinner: vegetable soup; 120 g (4 oz.) chicken, fish, or turkey without skin (not fried), or 90 g (3 oz.) beef or 70 g liver; 2 types steamed vegetables: carrots, zucchini squash, cauliflower, broccoli, spinach, celery, onion, eggplant, beet, cabbage, green or yellow beans, pumpkin; or salad

Evening snack: l serving fruit


Sample Diet: l500 kcal, 80 g protein, 800 mg Ca, 22 mg Fe, 550 mg Ascorbic acid

Breakfast:
A) Vegetable salad: tomato, cucumber, pepper, lettuce, green onion, radishes, cabbage, etc.; one tbsp. olive oil, l slice whole wheat or rye bread ; l cup plain yogurt
OR
B) 2 fresh fruits (semi-sweet) in season and 20 raw almonds
OR
C) Grapefruit or watermelon or other melon with one cup nonfat yogurt

10:00 am: herbal tea

Lunch: vegetable salad dressed with l tsp. olive oil, or l tbsp. avocado or tahini; 2 slices of whole wheat bread or l baked potato (plain), or 1 cup cooked whole grain; 1 egg (not fried), or l tbsp. white, soft cheese, or 1/4 cup tuna or l cup nonfat yogurt or 30 g (1 oz.) yellow hard cheese

4:00 pm snack: l fruit serving: l apple, pear, orange, peach, guava, or 1/2 grapefruit or banana, or 2 plums or apricots, or watermelon or melon.

Dinner: clear vegetable soup; 120 g (4 oz.) chicken, turkey or fish (not fried), or 90 g (3 oz.) beef or 70. gr. liver; 2 types of steamed vegetables; l baked or steamed potato or 1/2 cup rice, corn, peas or lentils or other legume

Evening snack: 2 serving fruits, 8 raw almonds, or pecan or walnuts or handful of sunflower or pumpkin seeds

avoid:
• Food intolerances
• Refined carbohydrates, alcohol, spicy foods, fried foods, fatty foods, rich foods, salty foods, sugar and sweet foods, chocolates, cold and raw foods in excess, excess fruit, shellfish, coffee, black tea, caffeine, dairy products, processed and refined foods


supplements

Yohimbine: blocks alpha receptors which seem to be especially concentrated in the areas where men and women put on the most weight. The net effect is to stimulate Beta receptors which increase the metabolic rate of the local tissues. Obesity:Yohimbine
Green tea (Camellia sinensis), Ephedra sinensis (Ma huang), and Cola nitida (cola nut) all contain methylxanthines that can increase metabolic rate. CAUTION: These botanicals can produce side-effects that range from discomforting to dangerous. Review toxicity and contra-indications.
N-acetylated glucosamines (NAGS): may benefit obesity by binding onto certain lectins which have insulinomimetic actions on insulin receptors. When these foods, containing lectins, are eaten the insulin-like compounds bind to the insulin receptors stimulating antilipolytic and prolipogenic effects. The net effect is to increase the obesity. These lectins are found in many healthy foods such as fish, unrefined grains, legumes and seeds. By NAG binding to these lectins it makes them nonfunctional. (Marz, p. 400, 1997)
L-Tryptophan: increases serotonin levels in the brain and inhibits carbohydrate craving. (Goodwin, 1986)
L-glutamine (Goodwin, 1986)
Tyrosine 500 mcg twice daily: precursor to norepinephrine and thyroid hormones, both of which increase metabolic activity.
Protein powder: Depending upon blood type and activity level consider protein powder supplementation. It may inhibit appetite.
Vitamin C: 1 g three times daily (Naylor, 1985)
Coenzyme Q10 (van Gaal, 1984)
Evening primrose oil: 2-4 g per day (Vaddadi, 1979)

Regulate thyroid, if appropriate: fully evaluate thyroid function
a) Axillary basal temp
b) Be conscious and careful of heart disease, elevated BP and pulse rate, palpitations, insomnia, osteoporosis, jitteriness.
c) Start with 1/2 grain thyroid per day Increase by 1/2 grain every 2 weeks. Monitor BP, pulse rate, achilles return, and symptoms.
d) Tyrosine: 1-3 g per day Substrate for thyroid and epinephrine hormone synthesis. It also activates brown fat.
(Landsberg and Young. Obesity and Metabolism,1;5(1981)
e) Zinc picolinate: 15 mg per day
f) Copper: 3 mg per day
g) Iodine: 200 mg per day
(Marz, p. 399, 1997)

» drug interactions:
tricyclic antidepressants [amitriptyline (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil)]: cause increased appetite (Stein, Stein and Linn, 1985; 33: p. 687)


footnotes

Landsberg and Young, Diet induced changes in Sympathoadrenal activity: Implications for thermogenesis and obesity Obesity and Metabolism,1;5(1981).
Abstract: Tyrosine was found to stimulate epinephrine synthesis.

Sharkey Physiology of fitness: Rx exercise for fitness, weight control and health Champaign, Ill.,Human Kinetics Publishers,1979.