-IBIS-1.7.6-
tx
cardiovascular system
myocardial infarction sequelae
Nutrition

dietary guidelines

eating principles:
• immediately after infarct, fluid diet/Fasting
• progressing to a soft diet with low fiber

slowly progress to the following diet plan:
• low fat diet
• low sugar
• high complex whole carbohydrates
• protein 12-15% diet
• low cholesterol/cholesterol foods
• low Sodium/Sodium-restricted diet
• vegetarian cleansing diet or short fasts
• Fasting, General Sample Diet, General Guidelines for Eating, Sample Vegetarian Diet

fresh juices:
• carrot, beet, celery, asparagus, or red grapes, black currants, rose hips, blueberries (Airola, p. 104)

specific foods:
• flax seed oil, okra, hawthorn berries, millet, buckwheat, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, bananas, potatoes, asparagus, apples, honey in small amounts (Airola, p. 101)

avoid:
• meat, alcohol, hot sauces, spicy foods, fried foods, fatty foods, rich foods, salty foods


supplements

• Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA) (Saynor, p. 696ff)
• Vitamin B3 1-3 g per day. (Carlson, 1973, p. 1ff)
• Vitamin B6 and folate 40 mg and 5 mg
• Vitamin C 3 g per day.
• Vitamin E 400-800 IU per day.
• Caution: avoid Vitamin K if on coumadin
• Calcium 600-1200 mg per day.
• Magnesium 500 mg per day.
• Selenium 200 mcg per day.
• Bromelain 500 mg three times daily.
• Chromium 200 mcg per day. (Abraham, 1980, p. 2294ff)
• L-carnitine 3 g per day. (Marz, 1989)
• Coenzyme Q10 40 three times per day.

» drug interactions:
• Vitamin D and heparin: heparin interferes with renal hydroxylation of Vitamin D. Note: this could lead to osteopenia, check 1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol levels.
• Vitamin K and coumadin (Warfarin): Vitamin K inactivates the drug's function; coumadin interferes with Vitamin K synthesis


footnotes

Baxter GF, Sumeray MS, Walker JM. Infarct size and magnesium: insights into LIMIT-2 and ISIS-4 from experimental studies. Lancet 1996;348:1424-1426.

Belcher JD, Balla J, Balla G, et al. Vitamin E, LDL, and endothelium: Brief oral vitamin supplementation prevents oxidized LDL-mediated vascular injury in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1779-1789.

Castano G, Tula L, Canetti M, et al. Effects of policosanol in hypertensive patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Curr Ther Res 1996;57:691-695.

Davini P, et al. Controlled study on L-carnitine therapeutic efficacy in post-infarction. Drugs Exptl Clin Res 1992;18:355-365.

Friedman M, Theresen CE, Gill JJ, et al. Alteration of type A behavior and reduction in cardiac recurrences in postmyocardial infarction patients. Am Heart J 1984;108:237-248.

Galloe A, Rasmussen HS, Jorgensen LN, et al. Influence of oral magnesium supplementation on cardiac events among survivors of an acute myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1993;307:585-587.

Keys A, ed. Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Circulation 1970;41(suppl q):I1-211.

Khosla S, Laddu A, Ehrenpreis S, Somberg JC. Cardiovascular effects of nicotine: relation to deleterious effects of cigarette smoking. Am Heart J 1994;127:1669-1671. (Review)

Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A, Maatela J. Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study. Br Med J 1996;312:478-481.

Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, Coulander CdL, The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1205-1209.

Kromhout D, Menotti A, Bloemberg B, et al. Dietary saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: the Seven Countries Study. Prev Med 1995;24:308-315.

Kumar PD. The role of coconut and coconut oil in coronary heart disease in Kerala, south India. Trop Doct 1997;27:215-217.

Liu K, Stamler J, Trevisan M, Moss D. Dietary lipids, sugar, fiber, and mortality from coronary heart disease. Bivariate analysis of international data. Arteriosclerosis 1982;2:221-227.

Marques-Vidal P, Ducimetiere P, Evans A, et al. Alcohol consumption and myocardial infarction: a case-control study in France and northern Ireland. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:1089-1093.

Morrison LM, Enrick NL. Coronary heart disease: reduction of death rate by chondroitin sulfate A. Angiology 1973;24:269-287.

Nyboe J, Jensen G, Appleyard M, Schnohr P. Smoking and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1991;122:438.

Nygärd O, Refsum H, Velanb PM, et al. Coffee consumption and plasma total homocysteine: The Hordaland Homocysteine Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:136-143.

Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet 1990;336:129-133.

Reiser S. Effect of dietary sugars on metabolic risk factors associated with heart disease. Nutr Health 1985;3:203-216.

Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, et al. Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA 1996;275:447-451.

Rimm EB, Katan MB, Aschario A, et al. Relation between intake of flavonoids and risk for coronary heart disease in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:384-389.

Rimm EB, Klatsky A, Grobbee D, Stampfer MJ. Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? Br Med J 1996;312:731-736. (Review)

Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1450-1456.

Santos MJ, Lopez-Jurado M, Llopis J, et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish on plasma total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in patients with coronary heart disease. J Nutr Med 1992;3:107-115.

Shekelle RB, Stamler J. Dietary cholesterol and ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1989;i:1177-1179.

Simon JA. Vitamin C and cardiovascular disease: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 1992;11:107-127.

Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1444-1449.

Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet 1996;347:781-786.

Tell GS, Evans GW, Folsom AR, et al. Dietary fat intake and carotid artery wall thickness: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:979-989.

Ubbink JB, Hayward WJ, van der Merwe A, et al. Vitamin requirements for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in humans. J Nutr 1994;124:1927-33.

Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 1993;341:581-585.

Willich SN, Lewis M, Lowel H, et al. Physical exertion as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1684-1690.