-IBIS-1.5.0-
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toxidrome
Salicylate toxidrome
botanicals
definition
salicylate toxidrome
the following toxicity information is largely derived from poisonings, overdoses and research on isolated constituents; used with appropriate clinical judgment and cautious prescribing, herbs are safe and efficacious
plants included:
» Filipendula ulmaria
» Populus spp.
» Salix spp.
» Viburnum spp.
patients should be warned about intoxication of excessive intake; there is potential for renal damage following and overdose due to the salicylates and tannins (Spoerke, p. 163)
treatment of overdose: activated charcoal and alkaline drinks such as sodium bicarbonate in water; fruit juices replace lost potassium; rectal administration of bicarbonate and potassium may be necessary; hydrotherapy is suggested to produce and maintain normal body temperature; caffeine stimulants are recommended for use in cases requiring respiratory stimulation and maintenance (Theines and Haley, pp. 80-85)
purified spirin, a salicylic acid glycoside, can be extremely toxic; simple herbal preparations such as macerations, decoctions and infusions are usually not of concern (US Dispensatory, pp. 1207-1209)
regarding preparations rich in populin: hyperthermia and maniacal delirium can occur following overdose; pustular acne, lethargy, and episodic hyperpnea have been noted following long term use; hyperventilation results in low blood CO2 and respiratory alkalosis; systemically, an acidosis occurs, along with vitamin C loss; hypokalemia and ketosis occur
laboratory test results: anemia, hyperglycemia, increased coagulation time; albuminuria, glucosuria, aciduria, ketonuria
footnotes
Osol, A, Farrar, G.E., Wood, Jr., H.C. 1955. The Dispensatory of the United States of America. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott Company.
Spoerke, DG, Jr., 1980. Herbal Medications. Santa Barbara, CA: Woodbridge Press Publishing Company.
Thienes, C.H., Haley, T.J. 1975. Clinical Toxicology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.