-IBIS-1.5.0-
tx
eyes/ears/nose/throat
periodontal disease
diagnoses

definition and etiology

definition: Chronic inflammation of tissues that support and surround the teeth, leading to degeneration of the dental tissues and bones. Also called "pyorrhea".

etiology: Tissues affected include the gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum. The inflammation typically begins early as gingivitis and, untreated, progresses to periodontitis. See "Gingivitis" as a separate condition.

Periodontitis causes loss of supporting bone to the teeth leading to tooth loss that may be widespread until all teeth fall out and dentures are required. In fact, periodontitis, a preventable disease, is the principal cause of tooth loss in adults. It is seen more in men and in lower educational and socioeconomic levels. Its incidence increases with age.

signs and symptoms

The early signs and symptoms are those of gingivitis. As the disease progresses:

• Loose teeth.
• Localized pain (if suppuration occurs) and redness.
• Increased pockets between the teeth and gingiva.

lab findings:
• (+) x-ray finding: alveolar bone destruction.

course and prognosis

The course is progressive towards loss of teeth and dental bone destruction if uncorrected. often surgery is needed. The best and most effective treatment is preventive: tooth brushing, flossing, and decreased intake of sugar and other oral irritants.

differential diagnosis

• gingivitis


footnotes