» conventional diagnoses: kidney infection; bladder infection
» etiology: excessive exposure to exterior Cold and Dampness
signs and symptoms
» signs and symptoms:
intolerance to cold
weak lower back and knees
frequent and urgent urination
weak and/or difficult urination (stopping in mid-stream)
urinary incontinence
pale and turbid urine
heavy sensation in urethra and hypogastrium
» pulse: slow, deep, frail, possibly wiry at proximal position
» tongue: sticky white coating, esp. at rear
course and prognosis
» principle of treatment: expel Cold; resolve Dampness; open the Lower Warmer's Water Pathways; tonify Bladder and Kidney Qi
differential diagnosis
footnotes